Oncology Surgery

Lesson Objectives

By the end of this topic, learners should be able to:

1. Identify common surgical oncology procedures and indications.

2. Understand principles of tumor resection and lymphadenectomy.

3. Recognize post-operative complications and nursing priorities.

4. Apply surgical and medical care principles for oncology patients.

 Key Glossary Terms

1. Tumor Resection

• Definition: Surgical removal of a tumor with the goal of achieving clear margins.

• Types: Wide local excision, segmental resection, radical excision

• Indications: Solid tumors (breast, gastrointestinal, soft tissue)

2. Lymphadenectomy

• Definition: Surgical removal of lymph nodes to prevent metastasis and for staging.

• Types: Sentinel lymph node biopsy, regional lymph node dissection

• Common Sites: Axillary (breast), inguinal, cervical

3. Mastectomy

• Definition: Surgical removal of all or part of the breast.

• Indications: Breast cancer, prophylaxis in high-risk patients

• Types: Simple, modified radical, radical

• Post-Op Considerations: Drain management, lymphedema prevention, mobility exercises

4. Colectomy

• Definition: Surgical removal of part or all of the colon.

• Indications: Colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease

• Post-Op Considerations: Stoma care if applicable, nutritional support, infection prevention

5. Gastrectomy

• Definition: Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach.

• Indications: Gastric cancer

• Post-Op Considerations: Nutritional support, monitoring for dumping syndrome, infection prevention

6. Hepatectomy

• Definition: Surgical removal of part of the liver.

• Indications: Hepatic tumors, metastases

• Post-Op Considerations: Monitor liver function, bleeding, infection

7. Post-Operative Complications

• Infection, hemorrhage, wound dehiscence, lymphedema, delayed healing, organ dysfunction

8. Nursing & Medical Student Focus

• Nursing: Wound care, drain management, pain control, lymphedema prevention, nutrition, psychological support

• Medical Students: Surgical oncology principles, tumor staging, lymph node assessment, post-op monitoring

9. Oncology Surgery Mnemonics

• “ABC” for tumor excision principles:

  • Achieve clear margins

  • Biopsy prior if needed

  • Control bleeding

• “LEGS” for lymphedema prevention post-mastectomy:

  • Limit heavy lifting

  • Elevate limb

  • Gentle exercises

  • Skin care

 Tables

Table 1: Common Oncology Surgeries

Table 2: Post-Operative Nursing Care in Oncology Surgery