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Comprehensive Pediatrics Glossary

Q

Q Fever (Pediatric)

  • Definition: Zoonotic infection caused by Coxiella burnetii.

  • Epidemiology: Rare in children; transmitted via inhalation of contaminated aerosols from farm animals.

  • Clinical Features: Fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly; pneumonia or hepatitis may occur.

  • Investigations: Serology (Phase I and II antibodies), PCR of blood, liver function tests.

  • Management: Doxycycline for older children (>8 years), supportive care for younger children, monitor for chronic Q fever.

  • Complications: Chronic endocarditis (rare), hepatitis, pneumonia.

Quadriplegia (Pediatric)

  • Definition: Paralysis of all four limbs, often due to spinal cord injury or congenital disorders.

  • Etiology: Trauma, cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia), neuromuscular disorders, infections (myelitis).

  • Clinical Features: Impaired movement and sensation in all limbs, hypotonia or spasticity, difficulty with feeding and respiration in severe cases.

  • Investigations: MRI of brain and spine, electromyography, nerve conduction studies, genetic testing if congenital.

  • Management: Multidisciplinary care: physiotherapy, occupational therapy, orthopedic support, respiratory support if needed, surgical interventions for deformities.

  • Complications: Respiratory insufficiency, contractures, chronic infections, pressure sores.

Quincke’s Edema (Angioedema)

  • Definition: Rapid swelling of the deep dermis, subcutaneous tissue, or mucosa, often immune-mediated.

  • Etiology: Allergic reactions, hereditary C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, medications (ACE inhibitors).

  • Clinical Features: Sudden, non-pitting swelling of lips, eyelids, tongue, airway involvement in severe cases.

  • Investigations: C4 and C1 inhibitor levels for hereditary cases, clinical diagnosis for acute allergic reactions.

  • Management:

    • Mild: Antihistamines, corticosteroids.

    • Severe (airway compromise): Epinephrine, airway management, ICU care.

  • Complications: Airway obstruction, asphyxiation.

Quest Syndrome (Rare Pediatric Syndromes)

  • Definition: Rare congenital disorders presenting with multisystem involvement.

  • Clinical Features: Depending on specific subtype; may include skeletal anomalies, growth retardation, intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphism.

  • Investigations: Genetic testing, metabolic work-up, imaging as indicated.

  • Management: Symptomatic and multidisciplinary: physiotherapy, special education, surgery for structural anomalies, monitoring for organ involvement.

Quinsy (Peritonsillar Abscess)

  • Definition: Complication of acute tonsillitis where pus collects in the peritonsillar space.

  • Etiology: Most commonly Streptococcus pyogenes.

  • Clinical Features: Severe unilateral sore throat, fever, muffled “hot potato” voice, trismus, drooling, swelling of the peritonsillar area, uvular deviation.

  • Investigations: Clinical diagnosis, CBC, needle aspiration if uncertain.

  • Management:

    • Needle aspiration or incision and drainage.

    • Empirical IV antibiotics (penicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate).

  • Complications: Airway obstruction, deep neck space infection, sepsis.

QT Interval Prolongation (Pediatric Cardiology)

  • Definition: Extended QT interval on ECG, predisposing to life-threatening arrhythmias (torsades de pointes).

  • Etiology: Congenital (Long QT syndrome), acquired (medications, electrolyte imbalance).

  • Clinical Features: Syncope, palpitations, sudden cardiac arrest, seizures due to arrhythmia.

  • Investigations: ECG (corrected QTc), genetic testing for congenital LQTS, electrolyte panel.

  • Management: Avoid QT-prolonging drugs, beta-blockers for congenital LQTS, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in high-risk cases.

  • Complications: Ventricular arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death.

Quadriceps Contusion (Pediatric Orthopedics)

  • Definition: Injury to quadriceps muscle due to blunt trauma.

  • Clinical Features: Pain, swelling, ecchymosis, limited knee flexion, tender mass.

  • Investigations: Clinical examination, ultrasound or MRI if severe to assess hematoma.

  • Management: RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), analgesics, physiotherapy.

  • Complications: Myositis ossificans if improperly managed.

 

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