D

• Daltonism (Color Blindness): A hereditary condition causing inability to perceive certain colors.

• Deafness: Partial or complete loss of hearing.

• Dehydration: Excessive loss of body fluids causing electrolyte imbalance.

• Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin, including atopic, contact, and seborrheic types.

• Dermatophytosis: Fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails.

• Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1): Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells causing insulin deficiency.

• Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2): Insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia, rare but increasing in adolescents.

• Diaper Rash: Inflammation of the skin in the diaper area, often due to irritation or infection.

• DiGeorge Syndrome: A genetic disorder causing congenital heart defects, immune deficiency, and hypocalcemia.

• Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21): Genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to characteristic physical features and intellectual disability.

• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): X-linked disorder causing progressive muscle degeneration and weakness.

• Duodenal Atresia: Congenital obstruction of the duodenum, often presenting with vomiting.

• Dysplasia: Abnormal growth or development of tissues or organs.

• Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation, typically affecting adolescents.

• Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing, may indicate structural or neurological issues.

• Dyspnea: Shortness of breath.

E

• Eclampsia: Severe complication of preeclampsia involving seizures in pregnancy.

• Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): Chronic inflammatory skin condition causing itching and rashes.

• Edema: Swelling caused by excess fluid in tissues.

• Electrolyte Imbalance: Abnormal levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, or other electrolytes.

• Emesis: Vomiting.

• Encopresis: Repeated passing of feces into inappropriate places in children.

• Enterocolitis: Inflammation of the small intestine and colon, often infectious.

• Enteropathy: Disease of the intestinal tract.

• Epiglottitis: Life-threatening infection causing airway obstruction.

• Epispadias: Congenital defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis.

• Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum: Common, benign rash in newborns.

• Esophageal Atresia: Congenital discontinuity of the esophagus, often with tracheoesophageal fistula.

• Exanthema: Widespread skin rash, often viral in origin.

• Exostosis: Benign bony growths.

• Exudate: Fluid with high protein content that leaks from vessels due to inflammation.

F

• Febrile Seizures: Seizures triggered by fever in children aged 6 months to 5 years.

• Failure to Thrive (FTT): Insufficient growth or weight gain in infants or children.

• Fanconi Anemia: Inherited disorder causing bone marrow failure and congenital anomalies.

• Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Accumulation of fat in liver cells, increasingly seen in obese children.

• Febrile Neutropenia: Fever in a patient with abnormally low neutrophil count, often post-chemotherapy.

• Febrile Rash: Rash accompanying fever, often due to viral infection.

• Femoral Anteversion: Inward twisting of the femur causing toeing-in gait in children.

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Birth defects due to maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

• Fibromatosis: Benign fibroblastic proliferation of soft tissue.

• Flatfoot (Pes Planus): Condition where the arch of the foot is flattened.

• Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders: Abnormalities in fluid and electrolyte balance affecting growth and metabolism.

• Food Allergy: Immune reaction to specific food proteins causing skin, gastrointestinal, or respiratory symptoms.

• Fragile X Syndrome: Genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, behavioral challenges, and distinctive facial features.

• Fracture: Break or crack in a bone.

• Froehlich Syndrome (Prader-Willi Syndrome): Genetic disorder causing hypotonia, obesity, and intellectual disability.

G

• Galactosemia: Metabolic disorder where the body cannot process galactose properly.

• Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines causing vomiting and diarrhea.

• Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER): Backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic or severe GER causing symptoms or complications.

• Genetic Syndromes: Disorders caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes.

• Genu Varum (Bow Legs): Condition where legs curve outward.

• Genu Valgum (Knock Knees): Condition where knees angle inward.

• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD): Enzyme deficiency causing hemolysis in response to triggers.

• Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys.

• Growth Hormone Deficiency: Inadequate production of growth hormone causing short stature.

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): Acute autoimmune neuropathy causing rapid-onset weakness.

• Gynecomastia: Abnormal enlargement of male breast tissue, sometimes seen in adolescents.